Understanding Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS): Symptoms and Treatment
While cannabis is known to alleviate pain and nausea for many, some individuals experience a paradoxical effect. This article explores Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS), a condition characterized by symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, and cyclical vomiting, which may manifest in daily cannabis consumers. Understanding the symptoms and potential treatment is crucial for both individuals and healthcare providers.
What is Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS)?
Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome is a condition observed in individuals who consume high-intensity cannabis daily. Symptoms, including nausea, cyclical vomiting, and abdominal pain, can occur sporadically, posing a diagnostic challenge due to their resemblance to conditions like cyclical vomiting syndrome. CHS is distinct in that it affects individuals with a history of daily, long-term cannabis use.
Symptoms and Diagnosis:
CHS symptoms may take years to develop, and misdiagnosis is common. A study reported that CHS patients visited the emergency room nearly 18 times before a definitive diagnosis. The only conclusive diagnosis involves the resolution of symptoms after abstaining from cannabis. Weight loss and dehydration may result from cyclical vomiting episodes.
Causes and Triggers:
The exact cause of CHS remains elusive, but heavy cannabis consumption, especially daily use for a year or more, is the identified link. Dr. Ethan Russo, a prominent cannabis researcher, suggests a potential connection between CHS and the inability of some individuals to metabolise THC. Even small amounts of THC, including microscopic doses in CBD-dominant products, can trigger flare-ups, lasting weeks.
Prevalence:
CHS is estimated to affect one in every 200 frequent cannabis consumers aged 16 to 44. Russo notes that CHS sufferers often exhibit signs after years of heavy THC-rich product consumption, distinguishing it from a typical negative reaction to THC.
Genetic Factors:
Research suggests that mutations in genes and receptors related to human metabolism may be linked to CHS. A cheek-swab test akin to at-home DNA testing could potentially detect these mutations, offering a path to understanding predispositions to the syndrome.
Treatment:
While some CHS sufferers find temporary relief through hot showers or baths, topical capsaicin cream, and specific prescription medications, complete avoidance of cannabis is the only reliable resolution. Clinical evidence indicates that symptoms disappear after cannabis cessation but may recur upon THC consumption, even after extended periods of abstinence.
Seeking Medical Attention:
Due to the ambiguous nature of CHS symptoms, patients often seek medical attention in emergency rooms. Diagnosis challenges arise when CHS is mistaken for other conditions or hastily diagnosed without thorough analysis. Heightened awareness among both consumers and healthcare providers is vital for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
What to Do if You Suspect CHS:
If experiencing abdominal pain, cyclical vomiting, and nausea after regular cannabis consumption, temporary abstinence is recommended. Even small amounts of THC should be avoided during this period. If symptoms persist or recur upon THC consumption, seeking medical advice and sharing information about CHS is crucial for an accurate diagnosis.
